Common Name
Botanical Name and Chemotype

Principal Constituents

Plant Part

Country of Origin

Growing Method

Effects and Comments

Sweet Orange Organic Citrus sinensis

Limonene (95%), myrcene, <1% of sabinene, n-decanal, no photosensitising psoralens

Rind CP

Italy

Organic

A fresh, premium expeller-pressed Sweet Orange oil from Italy, ECOCERT organic. A beautiful sweet citrus aroma with indications for use including muscular cramps, a good expectorant in respiratory complaints and relaxing for tension and stress. Sweet Orange is not photosensitising.

Sweet Orange
Citrus sinensis

See above

Rind CP

Australia

Select

Fresh Australian Sweet Orange. As with citrus oils in general, excellent as an air antiseptic to cleanse indoor environments and has a much-loved aroma.

Oregano Origanum vulgare

Carvacrol (66%), thymol (4%), p-cymene (8%), γ-terpinene 11%), linalool (2.5%), β-caryophyllene

Above Ground Parts

Morocco

Wild

Considered by French practitioners to be one of the most powerful anti-infectious oils and is used extensively as such. A strong stimulating ‘Yang’ essence for boosting energy and Defensive Qi. Warming and analgesic for musculo-skeletal complaints. Rich in phenolic compounds, Oregano can be irritating to the skin – always use diluted. Best used on the skin when blended 10% with milder oils, such as Tea Tree.

Palmarosa Organic Cymbopogon martini var motia

Geraniol (84%), geranyl acetate (8%), linalool (>2%), trans-β-ocimene, geranyl hexanoate

Above Ground Parts

Nepal

Organic

Related to Lemongrass, Palmarosa contains a high concentration of geraniol. In a variety of studies, this oil demonstrated excellent bactericidal and fungicidal effects, stronger than Tea Tree and gentler on the skin than oils like Clove. A good overall tonifying essence, Palmarosa is also useful in skin care for its hydrating benefits. A useful antiseptic blend is equal amounts of Palmarosa, Tea Tree and Sweet Tea Tree (M. ericifolia).

Patchouli Aceh Pogostemon cablin

Patchouli alcohol (30%), α-bulnesene (16%), α-guainene (14%), seychellene, α-patchoulene

Above Ground Parts

Indonesia

Traditional

Traditional Patchouli oil from small-scale distillation. Patchouli is perhaps underrated as a highly beneficial oil for the skin. It is a superb regenerating and anti-inflammatory essence useful for minor wounds, burns, old scars, dermatitis, acne and on. A grounding, calming oil for the nervous system.

Black Pepper Piper nigrum

Sabinene (10%), β-caryophyllene (28%), limonene (15%), δ-3-carene (8%), limonene, α-and β-pinene, α-copaene, α-humulene

Seed

Madagascar

Select

Classic Black Pepper, one of the renowned ‘heating seeds’ of Ayurvedic medicine. Beneficial warming and analgesic properties for muscular, joint and nerve pain. Excellent to aid digestion with its heating properties, useful for complaints such as overindulgence and constipation.

Peppermint
Mentha x  piperita

Menthol (42%), menthone (22%), menthofuran/isomenthone/neo-menthol (10%), menthyl acetate (3%)

Above Ground Parts

Australia

Select

A champion ‘first aid’ essence for many common complaints. Anaesthetic and anti-spasmodic, Peppermint serves acute painful conditions of the muscles and joints, nerve pain, headaches, migraines and on. Specific for the digestive system, for indigestion, cramps and irritable bowel syndrome. With other respiratory oils, very useful for colds, congestion and other complaints.

Peppermint Arvensis Organic Mentha arvensis

Menthol (72%), neo-menthol (1.3%), menthone (11%), iso-menthone (4%), limonene (3%), menthyl acetate (1.7%)

Above Ground Parts

China

Organic

Peppermint Arvensis or ‘Japanese Mint’ is the richest natural source of menthol. This premium certified organicoil is similar to Peppermint oil in its actions. Like Peppermint, it is good at low doses (<1%) to help relieve itching or in a cooling gel for tired legs and feet.

Petitgrain Bigarade Organic
Citrus aurantium ssp amara

Linalyl acetate (50%), linalool (27%), α-terpineol (4%), geranyl acetate (4%), neryl acetate (2.2%) 

Leaf

Italy

Organic

The third oil from the Bitter Orange tree. In the vein of True Lavender, Petitgrain is an excellent ‘balancing’ essence for the nervous system, rich in calming ‘Yin’ esters, calming and sedative – great for children. ACO certified organic.

Petitgrain Bigarade Citrus aurantium ssp amara

Linalyl acetate (50%), linalool (26%), α-terpineol (4%), geranyl acetate (3%), neryl acetate (2%)

Leaf

Italy

Select

A superb quality Italian Petitgrain essential oil. Uses as above.

Petitgrain Mandarin Citrus reticulata

Methyl N-methyl anthranilate  (47%), γ –terpinene (27%), limonene (10%), p-cymene (5%)

Leaf

Italy

Select

From Mandarin leaves this is a relatively new essence in Aromatherapy. Rich in the terpenic alkaloid, dimethyl anthranilate, French practitioners value this oil for its strong calming effects, useful to relax and calm stress-related conditions.

Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestris

α-pinene (58%), β-pinene (8%), δ-3-carene (8%), limonene, <1% of α-terpineol, bornyl acetate, longifolene, α-cedrene

Needle

France

Wild

Of the numerous Pinus species, Scotch Pine oil has a wide spectrum of uses. Well known to be of benefit in respiratory complaints, with expectorant and anti-infectious properties. Useful for muscular and arthritic pain. A stimulating, tonic essence, French practitioners utilise it for fatigue states and exhaustion – good blended with Black Spruce or see our Energising concentrate.

Ravensara Cinnamomum camphora CT1 cineole

α- and β- pinene (4.2% and 3.2%), sabinene (14%), 1,8 cineole (56.8%), α-terpineol (8.5%), terpinene-4-ol (1.6%)

Leaf/stem

Madagascar

Wild

This oil is distilled from a chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora, not Ravensara aromatica as often stated. Related to Eucalyptus radiata in its action and applications. French practitioners utilise Ravensara for respiratory complaints and as a good general tonic essence.

Damask Rose Bulgaria Rosa damascena

citronellol (41%), geraniol (23%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (2.8%), stearoptenes (23%), nerol, geranial, linalool, eugenol

Flower

Bulgaria

Select

The supreme Rose oil - expensive, but priceless in its actions.  Used extensively in traditional Islamic and European herbal medicine in past centuries, Rose was well regarded as a strong ‘cooling and binding’ essence.  Energetically, a superb essence ‘to strengthen the heart and spirit’ (Nicholas Culpeper) in times of grief and disappointment. Rose oil hardens at 16°C.

Damask Rose 3% in Jojoba Oil Rosa damascena

See above.

Flower

Bulgaria

Select

As above. A 3% concentration of Bulgarian Rose oil in pure Jojoba oil. Rose oil is one of the finest oils for skin care, excellent for skin inflammation, as in eczema, mature and sensitive skin and strengthens capillaries. 33 drops equals 1 drop pure essential oil.

Rose Absolute Rosa damascena

Phenyl ethyl alcohol (63%), geraniol (10%), citronellol (5%), n-nonadecane (5%),hexadecanol, benzyl alcohol, geranyl acetate

Flower

Morocco

Select

From highly purified hexane extraction (with a higher oil yield), pure Rose absolute is less expensive than the distilled oil, the aroma is more true to the flower and is excellent in skin care. Rose is seen to be a ‘feminine’ essence for its sensual, even aphrodisiac nature. Certainly, useful for both men and women.

‘Rosalina’ or Sweet Tea Tree  -  See Melaleuca ericifolia

Rosemary CT1 Rosmarinus officinalis CT1 camphor

Camphor (18%), 1,8 cineole (20%), α-pinene (24%), camphene (9%), borneol, verbenone (1%)

Leaf/stem

Spain

Wild

This chemotype of Rosemary is the most commonly used in Aromatherapy. Rosemary CT 1 is reported by French practitioners as the most specific for neuromuscular problems, such as muscular aches, cramps and spasm; menstrual and rheumatic pains and as a general “tonic”, warming and energising for memory and concentration problems and fatigue states. Rosemary CT 1 is also seen as a digestive stimulant useful for the liver and gall bladder, mucolytic and decongestant for respiratory conditions and useful for skin and scalp conditions such as mature and oily skin and dandruff.

Rosemary CT2  Organic Rosmarinus officinalis CT2 cineole

Camphor (12%), 1,8 cineole (40%), α-pinene (11%), camphene, borneol, α-terpineol, verbenone (0.2%)

Leaf/stem

Morocco

Wild / Organic

 This chemotype is reported to be the most specific for respiratory and ENT (ear, nose and throat) complaints, such as colds, ‘flu, bronchitis, ear infections and the like, with its expectorant and mucolytic properties. Rosemary CT2 is also considered a useful analgesic oil, for conditions such as headaches and the pain of arthritis and gout; a circulatory tonic for peripheral venous circulation.

Rosemary CT3 Rosmarinus officinalis CT3 verbenone

Camphor (10%), 1,8 cineole (27%), α-pinene (23%), verbenone (5%), borneol (4%), bornyl acetate

Leaf/stem

Australia

Select

This special chemotype, now sourced from Australia, is reported to be the most specific for liver and gall bladder complaints, as indicated by poor digestion and difficulty with fatty foods.Rosemary CT3 is superb in skin care, regenerative to the skin and excellent for oily, acneic conditions. French practitioners have suggested this chemotype as a potential immune enhancer – good for Defensive Qi, and generally as a restorative of psychological balance and well being.

Rosewood Aniba rosaeodora

Linalool (88%), α-terpineol (2%), <1% of geraniol, benzyl benzoate, α- and β-selinene, α-copaene

Wood

Brazil

Wild

True Rosewood oil, sustainable harvest, with three new trees planted for each tree taken. A gentle oil, rich in natural linalool, with a beautiful soft aroma. Rosewood has good anti-infectious properties, yet is so mild it can be used on the skin of babies. Excellent in skin care for dry and sensitive skin and for minor skin infections, as with acne.